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Numéro 158 - Décembre 2020

Le prix de l’anglais dans l’UE post-Brexit :
Une aubaine pour l’allemand et le français ou un coût à supporter par l’Union ?

Victor Ginsburgh, Juan Moreno-Ternero

RE158La Commission européenne est très prudente et discrète dans ses communications sur le budget et l’utilisation des langues dans l’Union européenne (UE). Ce que l’on sait, c’est que ce budget s’élève «à peu près» à un milliard d’euros. Comme le disait le britannique Neil Kinnock du temps de sa Vice-Présidence de la Commission européenne à ceux qui, sans doute, l’ennuyaient par leurs questions sur l’importance du budget langues : «C’est le prix d’une tasse de café par habitant dans l’UE».

Dans ce numéro de Regards économiques, nous examinons comment évaluer la part dans le budget langues de l’UE de chacune des 24 langues, y compris de l’anglais qui, suite au Brexit, sera la langue maternelle d’un pourcent seulement de la population de l’UE tout en produisant, lors de ces dernières années, plus de 70 % des documents officiels qui doivent, selon leur importance, être traduits dans le 23 autres langues.

Notre analyse montre que le coût de l’anglais s’élève à près d’un tiers de budget, soit 290 millions d’euros. Ce montant est aussi le prix à payer par l’UE post-Brexit qui a conservé, dans son répertoire de langues, l’anglais comme langue officielle et procédurale (c’est-à-dire de travail). Pour les européens post-Brexit, la tasse de café s’est transformée en cappuccino au goût un peu amer.

Il est sans aucun doute efficace, aussi bien pour l’UE que pour le Royaume-Uni, de préserver l’anglais comme langue officielle et procédurale. Mais on peut se demander pourquoi il irait de soi que les britanniques puissent profiter gratuitement de cette aubaine. Bien avant les velléités de quitter l’UE, on peut arguer que le Royaume-Uni a bénéficié, depuis son adhésion en 1973, du statut de sa langue dans l’UE, en détrônant très largement le rôle du français et de l’allemand, ce qui n’a enchanté et continuera de ne pas enchanter ni la France ni l’Allemagne. Il sera intéressant de suivre l’affaire dans les prochaines années.

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